Computer organization and design : the hardware/software interface / David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy.

Includes index.

Front Cover; In Praise of Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Revised Fourth Edition; Acknowledgments; Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface; Copyright Page; Dedication Page; Contents; Preface; About This Book; About the Other Book; Changes for the Fourth Edition; Instructor Support; Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments for the Fourth Edition; 1 Computer Abstractions and Technology; 1.1 Introduction; Classes of Computing Applications and Their Characteristics; What You Can Learn in This Book; 1.2 Below Your Program. From a High-Level Language to the Language of Hardware1.3 Under the Covers; Anatomy of a Mouse; Through the Looking Glass; Opening the Box; A Safe Place for Data; Communicating with Other Computers; Technologies for Building Processors and Memory; 1.4 Performance; Defining Performance; Measuring Performance; CPU Performance and Its Factors; Instruction Performance; The Classic CPU Performance Equation; 1.5 The Power Wall; 1.6 The Sea Change: The Switch from Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors; 1.7 Real Stuff: Manufacturing and Benchmarking the AMD Opteron X4; SPEC CPU Benchmark. SPEC Power Benchmark1.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls; 1.9 Concluding Remarks; Road Map for This Book; 1.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading; 1.11 Exercises; Exercise 1.1; Exercise 1.2; Exercise 1.3; Exercise 1.4; Exercise 1.5; Exercise 1.6; Exercise 1.7; Exercise 1.8; Exercise 1.9; Exercise 1.10; Exercise 1.11; Exercise 1.12; Exercise 1.13; Exercise 1.14; Exercise 1.15; Exercise 1.16; 2 Instructions: Language of the Computer; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Operations of the Computer Hardware; 2.3 Operands of the Computer Hardware; Memory Operands; Constant or Immediate Operands. 2.4 Signed and Unsigned NumbersSummary; 2.5 Representing Instructions in the Computer; MIPS Fields; 2.6 Logical Operations; 2.7 Instructions for Making Decisions; Loops; Case/Switch Statement; 2.8 Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware; Using More Registers; Nested Procedures; Allocating Space for New Data on the Stack; Allocating Space for New Data on the Heap; 2.9 Communicating with People; Characters and Strings in Java; 2.10 MIPS Addressing for 32-Bit Immediates and Addresses; 32-Bit Immediate Operands; Addressing in Branches and Jumps; MIPS Addressing Mode Summary. Decoding Machine Language2.11 Parallelism and Instructions: Synchronization; 2.12 Translating and Starting a Program; Compiler; Assembler; Linker; Loader; Dynamically Linked Libraries; Starting a Java Program; 2.13 A C Sort Example to Put It All Together; The Procedure swap; Register Allocation for swap; Code for the Body of the Procedure swap; The Full swap Procedure; The Procedure sort; Register Allocation for sort; Code for the Body of the Procedure sort; The Procedure Call in sort; Passing Parameters in sort; Preserving Registers in sort; The Full Procedure sort.

Computer Organization and Design, Fourth Edition, has been updated with new exercises and improvements throughout suggested by instructors teaching from the book. It covers the revolutionary change from sequential to parallel computing, with a chapter on parallelism and sections in every chapter highlighting parallel hardware and software topics. It includes an appendix by the Chief Scientist and the Director of Architecture of NVIDIA covering the emergence and importance of the modern GPU, describing in detail for the first time the highly parallel, highly multithreaded multiprocessor optimized for visual computing. A companion CD provides a toolkit of simulators and compilers along with tutorials for using them, as well as advanced content for further study and a search utility for finding content on the CD and in the printed text. For the convenience of readers who have purchased an ebook edition or who may have misplaced the CD-ROM, all CD content is available as a download at bit.ly/nFXcLq. This book is recommended for professional digital system designers, programmers, application developers, and system software developers; and undergraduate students in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering courses in Computer Organization, Computer Design, ranging from Sophomore required courses to Senior Electives.